№ 1,
2022
Məqaləni yüklə
Azərbaycanda istixana qazlarının coğrafiyası və miqyası
1 - Azərbaycan Milli Elmlər Akademiyasının (AMEA)Neft və Qaz institutu, AZ 1000, Bakı, Azərbaycan, F.Əmirov küçəsi, ev 9: vagif.kerimov@mail.ru
2 - Serqo Orconikidze adına Rusiya dövlət geoloji-kəşfiyyat universiteti, (MGKU), 117997, Moskva, Rusiya, Mikluxo-Maklay küç. Ev. 23.
3 - Azərbaycan Dövlət Neft və Sənaye Universiteti AZ1010, Bakı şəh., Azadlıq prosp., 16/21, Bakı, Azərbaycan
Xülasə
A-
A+
Məqalədə Azərbaycan ərazisində deqazasiyanın şəraitləri və miqyası məsələlərinə baxılmışdır. Parnik qazlarının atılma strukturu və CO2 – karbon dioksidin, CH4 - metan və azot oksidinin - N2O Azərbaycan ərazisində daimi mənbələrdən generasiya olunan atılma dinamikası göstərilmişdir. Aparılmış tədqiqatlar Azərbaycan ərazisində parnik qazlarının yayılma coğrafiyasını və atmosferə komponentlər üzrə çirkləndirici maddələrin atılma həcmini təyin etməyə imkan vermişdir. Təhlil edilmişdir ki, Azərbaycanda daimi mənbələrdən generasiya olunan parnik qazlarının antropogen atılmaları – faydalı qazıntıların çıxarılması, elektrik enerjisi, qaz və buxarla təminat; havanın kondisiyalaşdırılması, emal müəsissələri, su təchizatı; çirkab suların təmizlənməsi; tikinti sənayesi; kənd və meşə təsərrüfatı; nəqliyyat, saxlanılma və rabitə, avtonəqliyyat vasitələri və motosikllərin təmiri və digər fəaliyyət növləri bir sıra sahələrin sənaye işlənilməsi nəticəsində əmələ gəlir. Parnik qazlarını tullayan və atmosferi çirkləndirən yanacaq-enerji kompleksi müəssisələrinin payı 60%-ə bərabərdir. Son tədqiqatlar göstərir ki, Azərbaycan ərazisində antropogen deqazasiya ilə yanaşı, dərinlik və yer qabığı deqazasiyaya aktiv rol məxsusdur.
Açar sözləri: Azərbaycan, Yerin deqazasiyası, uzunömürlü parnik qazları, karbon dioksidi, qazın antropogen atılmaları, dərinlik, qabıq geoflüid-dinamiki sistemlər
ƏDƏBİYYAT
Aliev A.A., Guliyev I.S., Dadashev F.G., Rakhmanov R.R. Atlas of mud volcanoes of the world. Nafta-Press. Baku, 2015, 323 p. (in Russian).
Bayramova Sh.S., Taghiyeva Y.N., Babazadeh A.D. Micropaleontological studies of the maykop series, south-eastern edge of the Greater Caucasus (Azerbaijan). ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences, No.1, 2021, pp. 56-74.
Bogoyavlensky V.I., Kerimov V.Yu., Olkhovskaya O.O. Dangerous gas-saturated objects in the waters of the World Ocean: the Sea of Okhotsk. Neftyanoe Khozyaystvo, No. 6, 2016, pp. 43-47 (in Russian).
Bogoyavlensky V., Bogoyavlensky I., Nikonov R., Kargina T., Chuvilin E, Bukhanov B., Umnikov A. New catastrophic gas blowout and giant crater on the Yamal Peninsula in 2020. Results of the expedition and data processing. Geosciences, Vol. 11, No. 71, 2021, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ geosciences11020071.
Bogoyavlensky V.I., Sizov O.S., Nikonov R.A., Bogoyavlensky I.V., Kargina T.N. Earth degassing in the Arctic: the genesis of natural and anthropogenic methane emissions. Arctic: Ecology and Economy, No. 3(39), 2020, pp. 6-22 (in Russian).
Buachidze G.I., Mkheidze B.S. Natural gases of Georgia. Metsniereba. Tbilisi, 1989, 155 p. (in Russian).
Butler J.H., Montzka S.A. The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI). Published online Spring 2018, from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/aggi/aggi.html.
Chelidze T.L. Thermodynamic conditions and petrophysical models of sections of the Caucasus earth's crust. In: The structure of the earth's crust of the Georgia territory according to seismic and magnetic data. Metsniereba. Tbilisi, 1983, pp. 97-115 (in Russian).
Dadashev F.G. Gas content of the productive strata of the South-Eastern Caucasus. Elm. Baku, 1970, 150 p. (in Russian).
Dadashev F.G., Guliyev I.S. Gas content of Meso-Cenozoic deposits and prospecting for new gas fields in the South Cas-pian Basin. In: Essays on the geology of Azerbaijan. Azerneshr. Baku, 1984, pp. 126-147 (in Russian).
Dadashev F.G., Guliyev I.S., Feyzullaev A.A. Geotectonic and geochemical features of the Earth degassing within geosyn-clinal regions. In: Earth degassing and geotectonics. Proceedings of the All-Union Symposium. Moscow, 1980, pp. 116-123 (in Russian).
Friedlingstein P., Jones M.W. et al. Global Carbon Budget 2019. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, Vol. 11, 2019, pp.1783-1838, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019.
Hsueh D.Y., Krakauer N.Y. et al. Regional patterns of radiocarbon and fossil fuel-derived CO2 in surface air across North America. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, L02816, 2007.
Galimov E.M. Geochemistry of stable carbon isotopes. Nedra. Moscow, 1968, 226 p. (in Russian).
Galimov E.M. Isotopes of carbon in oil and gas geology. Nedra. Moscow, 1973, 384 p. (in Russian).
Gemp S.D., Dubrova N.V., Nesmelova Z.N. Isotope composition of carbon in carbon-containing gases (CH4 and CO2) mud volcanoes of the Kerch-Taman region. Geochemistry, No. 2, 1970, pp. 243-247 (in Russian).
Geology of Azerbaijan. Vol. VII – Oil and gas. Nafta-Press. Baku, 2008, 672 p. (in Russian).
Glumov I.F., Malovitsky Ya.P., Novikov A.A. Regional geology and oil and gas potential of the Caspian Sea. Nedra-Business Center. Moscow, 2004, 342 p. (in Russian).
Guliyev I.S. Zonality of natural gases of Azerbaijan and gas-geochemical prospecting for oil and gas. Abstract of PhD dissertation (geology), Moscow, 1978, 24 p. (in Russian).
Guliyev I.S., Kerimov V.Yu. Hydrocarbon degassing of the Earth: monitoring, scale and geoecological consequences. Actual problems of oil and gas. Vol. 4(23), 2018, 79 p. (in Russian).
Guliev I.S., Kerimov V.Y., Etirmishli G.D., Yusubov N.P., Mustaev R.N., Huseynova A.B. Modern geodynamic processes and their impact on replenishment of hydrocarbon resources in the Black Sea – Caspian Region. Geotectonics, No. 55, 2021, pp. 393-407.
Guliev I.S., Mustaev R.N., Kerimov V.Y., Yudin M.N. Degassing of the Earth: scale and implications. Gornyi Zhurnal, No. 11, 2018, pp. 38-42 (in Russian).
Gurbanov V.Sh., Hasanov A.B., Abbasova G.G. The stochastic character of distribution of granulometric content and fractality of porous structure in oil reservoirs. ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences, No. 2, 2019, pp. 54-60.
Ivanov V.V., Guliyev I.S. Mass transfer, hydrocarbon formation and phase transitions in sedimentary basins. Nafta-Press. Baku, 2002, 108 p. (in Russian).
Javadova A.S. Petroleum source rock characteriazation and hydrocarbon generation, Baku archipelago, South Caspian basin. ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences, No.1, 2021, pp. 29-42.
Kadirov F.A., Safarov R.T. Earth's crust deformation in Azerbaijan and adjacent territories according to GPS measurements. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Earth Sciences, No. 1, 2013, pp. 47-55 (in Russian).
Kerimov V.Y., Bondarev A.V., Mustaev R.N., Khoshtariya V.N. Estimation of geological risks in searching and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. Neftyanoe Khozyaystvo, No. 8, 2017, pp. 36-41 (in Russian).
Kerimov V.Yu., Kosyanov V.A., Mustaev R.N. Great depths in the crust – peculiarities of hydrocarbon generation. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 459, No. 4, pp. 042-090, 2020, DOI: 10.1088/ 1755-1315/459/4/042090 (a).
Kerimov V.Y., Leonov M.G., Mustaev R.N. Structural-tectonic model of hydrocarbons formation in the basement of the Vietnam shelf. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 459(4), pp. 042-091, 2020b, DOI:10.1088/ 1755-1315/459/4/042091.
Kerimov V.Y., Leonov M.G., Osipov A.V., Mustaev R.N., Hai V.N. Hydrocarbons in the basement of the South China Sea (Vietnam) shelf and structural-tectonic model of their formation. Geotectonics, Vol. 53, No. 1, 2019, pp. 42-59, DOI:10.1134/S0016852119010035.
Kerimov V.Y., Mustaev R.N., Osipov A.V. Peculiarities of Hydrocarbon Generation at Great Depths in the Crust. Doklady Earth Sciences. Vol. 483, Part 1, 2018, pp. 1413-1417.
Kerimov V.Yu., Mustaev R.N. Lithological and geochemical characterization of low-permeability shale strata (A-case-study of khadum formation in Ciscaucasia). Gorny Zhurnal, No. 7, 2021, pp. 28-33 (in Russian).
Kerimov V.Yu., Mustaev R.N., Dmitrievsky S.S., Yandarbiev N.Sh., Kozlova E.V. The shale hydrocarbons prospects in the low permeability khadum formation of the Pre-Caucasus. Neftyanoe Khozyaystvo, No. 10, 2015, pp. 50-53 (in Russian).
Kerimov V.Y., Osipov A.V., Mustaev R.N., Monakova A.S. Modeling of petroleum systems in regions with complex geological structure. 16th Science and Applied Research Conference on Oil and Gas Geological Exploration and Development, GEOMODEL 2014. DOI:10.3997/2214-4609.20142245 (in Russian).
Kerimov V.Yu., Shilov G.Ya., Mustaev R.N., Dmitrievsky S.S. Thermobaric conditions of hydrocarbons accumulations formation in the shale low-permeability oil reservoirs of khadum suite of the Ciscaucasia. Neftyanoe Khozyaystvo, No. 2, 2016, pp. 8-11 (in Russian).
Khan S.A. Analysis of global carbon storage projects. Georesources. Vol. 4(36), 2010, pp. 55-62. (in Russian).
Klubkov S., Emelyanov K., Zotov N. CCUS: monetization of CO2 emissions. VYGON Consulting, No. 8, 2021, 48 p. (in Russian).
Lapidus A.L., Kerimov V.Y., Mustaev R.N., Salikhova I.M., Zhagfarov F.G. Natural Bitumens: physicochemical properties and production technologies. Solid Fuel Chemistry, Vol. 52, No. 6, 2018, pp. 344-355.
Lavrushin V.Yu. Subsurface fluids of the Greater Caucasus and its surrounding. GEOS. Moscow, 2012, 348 p. (in Russian).
Lavrushin V.Yu., Polyak B.G. Sources of carbon-containing gases in mud volcanoes of the CIS. New ideas in geology and geochemistry of oil and gas. GEOS. Moscow, 1997, pp. 67-70 (in Russian).
Metz B., Davidson O., de Conink H., Loos M., Meyer L. Carbon dioxide capture and storage. IPCC Special Report. 2005, 60 p.
Mustaev R.N., Kerimov Y.V., Shilov G.Y., Dmitrievsky S.S. Modeling of thermobaric conditions formation of the shale hydrocarbon accumulations in low-permeability reservoirs Khadum formation Ciscaucasia. Geomodel 2016 – 18th Science and Applied Research Conference on Oil and Gas Geological Exploration and Development, 2016, DOI:10.3997/2214-4609.201602185.
Panteleev I.Ya. Carbonated waters of the North Caucasus. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Moscow, 1963, 190 p. (in Russian).
Saunois M., Stavert A.R., Poulter B. et al. The global methane budget 2000-2017. Earth System Science Data, 2019, 136 p.
Senin B.V., Kerimov V.Y., Mustaev R.N., Aliyeva S.A. Lithological and paleogeographic conditions for the formation and location of sedimentary basins of the Caspian region. ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences, No. 1, 2021, pp. 16-28.
Shibata S., Kawano E., Nakabayashi T. Atmospheric [14C] CO2 variations in Japan during 1982–1999 based on 14C measurements of rice grains. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol. 63, No. 2, 2005, pp. 285-290.
Sutton M.A., Bleeker A., Howard C.M. et al. Our nutrient world: the challenge to produce more food and energy with less pollution. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. Edinburgh, UK, 2013, 114 p., http://www.inms.international/sites/inms.international/files/ONW.pdf.
State Statistical Committee of the Azerbaijan Republic. 2022, https://www.stat.gov.az/source/balance_fuel/lang=en.
The energy report: 100 % renewable energy by 2050. WWF, 2011, 253 p.
Tsogoev V.B. Hydromineral resources of North Ossetia. Ir publishing house. Ordzhonikidze, 1969, 419 p. (in Russian).
Uspensky A.B. Measurements of greenhouse gas concentration fields in the atmosphere from satellites. Report on the Seminar of the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Center “Planeta”, Roshydromet. Moscow, 2021 (in Russian).
Valyaev B.M., Grinchenko Yu.I., Erokhin V.E. Isotope appearance of gases of mud volcanoes. Lithology and Minerals, No. 1, 1985, pp. 72-87 (in Russian).
WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin No. 15 dated 25 November 2019 (in Russian).
DOI:
10.33677/ggianas20220100072
Açar sözləri: Azərbaycan, Yerin deqazasiyası, uzunömürlü parnik qazları, karbon dioksidi, qazın antropogen atılmaları, dərinlik, qabıq geoflüid-dinamiki sistemlər
ƏDƏBİYYAT
Aliev A.A., Guliyev I.S., Dadashev F.G., Rakhmanov R.R. Atlas of mud volcanoes of the world. Nafta-Press. Baku, 2015, 323 p. (in Russian).
Bayramova Sh.S., Taghiyeva Y.N., Babazadeh A.D. Micropaleontological studies of the maykop series, south-eastern edge of the Greater Caucasus (Azerbaijan). ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences, No.1, 2021, pp. 56-74.
Bogoyavlensky V.I., Kerimov V.Yu., Olkhovskaya O.O. Dangerous gas-saturated objects in the waters of the World Ocean: the Sea of Okhotsk. Neftyanoe Khozyaystvo, No. 6, 2016, pp. 43-47 (in Russian).
Bogoyavlensky V., Bogoyavlensky I., Nikonov R., Kargina T., Chuvilin E, Bukhanov B., Umnikov A. New catastrophic gas blowout and giant crater on the Yamal Peninsula in 2020. Results of the expedition and data processing. Geosciences, Vol. 11, No. 71, 2021, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ geosciences11020071.
Bogoyavlensky V.I., Sizov O.S., Nikonov R.A., Bogoyavlensky I.V., Kargina T.N. Earth degassing in the Arctic: the genesis of natural and anthropogenic methane emissions. Arctic: Ecology and Economy, No. 3(39), 2020, pp. 6-22 (in Russian).
Buachidze G.I., Mkheidze B.S. Natural gases of Georgia. Metsniereba. Tbilisi, 1989, 155 p. (in Russian).
Butler J.H., Montzka S.A. The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI). Published online Spring 2018, from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/aggi/aggi.html.
Chelidze T.L. Thermodynamic conditions and petrophysical models of sections of the Caucasus earth's crust. In: The structure of the earth's crust of the Georgia territory according to seismic and magnetic data. Metsniereba. Tbilisi, 1983, pp. 97-115 (in Russian).
Dadashev F.G. Gas content of the productive strata of the South-Eastern Caucasus. Elm. Baku, 1970, 150 p. (in Russian).
Dadashev F.G., Guliyev I.S. Gas content of Meso-Cenozoic deposits and prospecting for new gas fields in the South Cas-pian Basin. In: Essays on the geology of Azerbaijan. Azerneshr. Baku, 1984, pp. 126-147 (in Russian).
Dadashev F.G., Guliyev I.S., Feyzullaev A.A. Geotectonic and geochemical features of the Earth degassing within geosyn-clinal regions. In: Earth degassing and geotectonics. Proceedings of the All-Union Symposium. Moscow, 1980, pp. 116-123 (in Russian).
Friedlingstein P., Jones M.W. et al. Global Carbon Budget 2019. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, Vol. 11, 2019, pp.1783-1838, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019.
Hsueh D.Y., Krakauer N.Y. et al. Regional patterns of radiocarbon and fossil fuel-derived CO2 in surface air across North America. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, L02816, 2007.
Galimov E.M. Geochemistry of stable carbon isotopes. Nedra. Moscow, 1968, 226 p. (in Russian).
Galimov E.M. Isotopes of carbon in oil and gas geology. Nedra. Moscow, 1973, 384 p. (in Russian).
Gemp S.D., Dubrova N.V., Nesmelova Z.N. Isotope composition of carbon in carbon-containing gases (CH4 and CO2) mud volcanoes of the Kerch-Taman region. Geochemistry, No. 2, 1970, pp. 243-247 (in Russian).
Geology of Azerbaijan. Vol. VII – Oil and gas. Nafta-Press. Baku, 2008, 672 p. (in Russian).
Glumov I.F., Malovitsky Ya.P., Novikov A.A. Regional geology and oil and gas potential of the Caspian Sea. Nedra-Business Center. Moscow, 2004, 342 p. (in Russian).
Guliyev I.S. Zonality of natural gases of Azerbaijan and gas-geochemical prospecting for oil and gas. Abstract of PhD dissertation (geology), Moscow, 1978, 24 p. (in Russian).
Guliyev I.S., Kerimov V.Yu. Hydrocarbon degassing of the Earth: monitoring, scale and geoecological consequences. Actual problems of oil and gas. Vol. 4(23), 2018, 79 p. (in Russian).
Guliev I.S., Kerimov V.Y., Etirmishli G.D., Yusubov N.P., Mustaev R.N., Huseynova A.B. Modern geodynamic processes and their impact on replenishment of hydrocarbon resources in the Black Sea – Caspian Region. Geotectonics, No. 55, 2021, pp. 393-407.
Guliev I.S., Mustaev R.N., Kerimov V.Y., Yudin M.N. Degassing of the Earth: scale and implications. Gornyi Zhurnal, No. 11, 2018, pp. 38-42 (in Russian).
Gurbanov V.Sh., Hasanov A.B., Abbasova G.G. The stochastic character of distribution of granulometric content and fractality of porous structure in oil reservoirs. ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences, No. 2, 2019, pp. 54-60.
Ivanov V.V., Guliyev I.S. Mass transfer, hydrocarbon formation and phase transitions in sedimentary basins. Nafta-Press. Baku, 2002, 108 p. (in Russian).
Javadova A.S. Petroleum source rock characteriazation and hydrocarbon generation, Baku archipelago, South Caspian basin. ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences, No.1, 2021, pp. 29-42.
Kadirov F.A., Safarov R.T. Earth's crust deformation in Azerbaijan and adjacent territories according to GPS measurements. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Earth Sciences, No. 1, 2013, pp. 47-55 (in Russian).
Kerimov V.Y., Bondarev A.V., Mustaev R.N., Khoshtariya V.N. Estimation of geological risks in searching and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. Neftyanoe Khozyaystvo, No. 8, 2017, pp. 36-41 (in Russian).
Kerimov V.Yu., Kosyanov V.A., Mustaev R.N. Great depths in the crust – peculiarities of hydrocarbon generation. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 459, No. 4, pp. 042-090, 2020, DOI: 10.1088/ 1755-1315/459/4/042090 (a).
Kerimov V.Y., Leonov M.G., Mustaev R.N. Structural-tectonic model of hydrocarbons formation in the basement of the Vietnam shelf. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 459(4), pp. 042-091, 2020b, DOI:10.1088/ 1755-1315/459/4/042091.
Kerimov V.Y., Leonov M.G., Osipov A.V., Mustaev R.N., Hai V.N. Hydrocarbons in the basement of the South China Sea (Vietnam) shelf and structural-tectonic model of their formation. Geotectonics, Vol. 53, No. 1, 2019, pp. 42-59, DOI:10.1134/S0016852119010035.
Kerimov V.Y., Mustaev R.N., Osipov A.V. Peculiarities of Hydrocarbon Generation at Great Depths in the Crust. Doklady Earth Sciences. Vol. 483, Part 1, 2018, pp. 1413-1417.
Kerimov V.Yu., Mustaev R.N. Lithological and geochemical characterization of low-permeability shale strata (A-case-study of khadum formation in Ciscaucasia). Gorny Zhurnal, No. 7, 2021, pp. 28-33 (in Russian).
Kerimov V.Yu., Mustaev R.N., Dmitrievsky S.S., Yandarbiev N.Sh., Kozlova E.V. The shale hydrocarbons prospects in the low permeability khadum formation of the Pre-Caucasus. Neftyanoe Khozyaystvo, No. 10, 2015, pp. 50-53 (in Russian).
Kerimov V.Y., Osipov A.V., Mustaev R.N., Monakova A.S. Modeling of petroleum systems in regions with complex geological structure. 16th Science and Applied Research Conference on Oil and Gas Geological Exploration and Development, GEOMODEL 2014. DOI:10.3997/2214-4609.20142245 (in Russian).
Kerimov V.Yu., Shilov G.Ya., Mustaev R.N., Dmitrievsky S.S. Thermobaric conditions of hydrocarbons accumulations formation in the shale low-permeability oil reservoirs of khadum suite of the Ciscaucasia. Neftyanoe Khozyaystvo, No. 2, 2016, pp. 8-11 (in Russian).
Khan S.A. Analysis of global carbon storage projects. Georesources. Vol. 4(36), 2010, pp. 55-62. (in Russian).
Klubkov S., Emelyanov K., Zotov N. CCUS: monetization of CO2 emissions. VYGON Consulting, No. 8, 2021, 48 p. (in Russian).
Lapidus A.L., Kerimov V.Y., Mustaev R.N., Salikhova I.M., Zhagfarov F.G. Natural Bitumens: physicochemical properties and production technologies. Solid Fuel Chemistry, Vol. 52, No. 6, 2018, pp. 344-355.
Lavrushin V.Yu. Subsurface fluids of the Greater Caucasus and its surrounding. GEOS. Moscow, 2012, 348 p. (in Russian).
Lavrushin V.Yu., Polyak B.G. Sources of carbon-containing gases in mud volcanoes of the CIS. New ideas in geology and geochemistry of oil and gas. GEOS. Moscow, 1997, pp. 67-70 (in Russian).
Metz B., Davidson O., de Conink H., Loos M., Meyer L. Carbon dioxide capture and storage. IPCC Special Report. 2005, 60 p.
Mustaev R.N., Kerimov Y.V., Shilov G.Y., Dmitrievsky S.S. Modeling of thermobaric conditions formation of the shale hydrocarbon accumulations in low-permeability reservoirs Khadum formation Ciscaucasia. Geomodel 2016 – 18th Science and Applied Research Conference on Oil and Gas Geological Exploration and Development, 2016, DOI:10.3997/2214-4609.201602185.
Panteleev I.Ya. Carbonated waters of the North Caucasus. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Moscow, 1963, 190 p. (in Russian).
Saunois M., Stavert A.R., Poulter B. et al. The global methane budget 2000-2017. Earth System Science Data, 2019, 136 p.
Senin B.V., Kerimov V.Y., Mustaev R.N., Aliyeva S.A. Lithological and paleogeographic conditions for the formation and location of sedimentary basins of the Caspian region. ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences, No. 1, 2021, pp. 16-28.
Shibata S., Kawano E., Nakabayashi T. Atmospheric [14C] CO2 variations in Japan during 1982–1999 based on 14C measurements of rice grains. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol. 63, No. 2, 2005, pp. 285-290.
Sutton M.A., Bleeker A., Howard C.M. et al. Our nutrient world: the challenge to produce more food and energy with less pollution. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. Edinburgh, UK, 2013, 114 p., http://www.inms.international/sites/inms.international/files/ONW.pdf.
State Statistical Committee of the Azerbaijan Republic. 2022, https://www.stat.gov.az/source/balance_fuel/lang=en.
The energy report: 100 % renewable energy by 2050. WWF, 2011, 253 p.
Tsogoev V.B. Hydromineral resources of North Ossetia. Ir publishing house. Ordzhonikidze, 1969, 419 p. (in Russian).
Uspensky A.B. Measurements of greenhouse gas concentration fields in the atmosphere from satellites. Report on the Seminar of the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Center “Planeta”, Roshydromet. Moscow, 2021 (in Russian).
Valyaev B.M., Grinchenko Yu.I., Erokhin V.E. Isotope appearance of gases of mud volcanoes. Lithology and Minerals, No. 1, 1985, pp. 72-87 (in Russian).
WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin No. 15 dated 25 November 2019 (in Russian).