Son yüzilliklər ərzində Yerdə baş verən tektonik-geodinamik proseslərin qanunauyğunluğunun dərk edilməsinə çoxsaylı cəhdlərlə təşəbbüs göstərilmişdir. Hərçənd heç bir paradiqma bütün məsələlərə tam cavab verməmişdir, bu icmal Yerin təkamülünə dair tektonik təsəvvürlərin inkişafının müasir vəziyyəti ilə oxucuları tanış etməyə çağırışdır. Qeyd etmək lazımdır ki, ilkin Yerin təkamülü qeyri-konvensional parametrlərlə səciyyələnən bir sıra unikal proseslərlə xarakterizə edilir. Lakin onların əksəriyyətinin fiziki-kimyəvi-geoloji parametrləri Yerin sonraki təkamülünün gedişində mühüm dərəcədə itirilmişdir (silinmişdir); bəzi proseslər özlərinin mövcüdluğunun yalnız zəif izlərini və qalıq effektlərini (xüsusilə Katerxeydə və İlkin-Gec Arxeydə baş verənlər) saxlamışlar. Belə proseslər içərisində Yerin planetar akkresiyası, bir sıra dağ komplekslərinin əmələ gəlməsi, plitələr tektonikası prosesinin öyrənilməsinə təşəbbüs, plitələr tektonikasını hərəkətə gətirən əsas qüvvələrin təzahürü, istilik parametrlərinin mühüm təsiri, müxtəlif fiziki-geoloji şəraitdə artıq təzyiqin rolu, yer qabığı və litosferin sıxlığa görə stratifikasiyası və bir sıra digər termodinamik prosesləri qeyd etmək olar. Onların, demək olar ki, hamısı təkamülünün müddətlərində və üsullarındakı mühüm qeyri-müəyyənliyə, həmçinin onların ikincidərəcəli göstəricilərinin və tektonik-geofiziki xarakteristikaların qeyri-birmənalılığına görə, kifayət dərəcədə tədqiq edilməmişdir. Eyni zamanda bir çox tektonik-geodinamik proseslər və parametrlər qarşılıqlı əlaqədə olmuşlar və olurlar, və çoxsaylı müxtəlif faktorların eyni vaxtda dəyişılməsi onların geoloji mühitə təsirində mühüm rol oynamışdır. Bu mürəkkəb məsələlərdən bəziləri hazırki məqalədə müzakirə olunur. Məsələn, plitələr tektonikası fenomeninin rolu necədir və Yerdə bu proses nə vaxt başlamışdır? Bir çox nəsillər ərzində alim-geoloqlar tərəfindən tətbiq edilən tektonik proseslərin təbiətinin analizinin sadə olmayan metodlarına icmalda əsas diqqət yetirilmişdir. Aparılmış icmalda Günəş sisteminin digər planetlərində alınmış bəzi fiziki parametlərdən də istifadə edilmişdir.

 

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