Neft və neft-kimya sənayesi günümüzün ən sürətlə inkişaf edən sənaye sahələrindən biridir və hələ də bütün sənaye ölkə-lərinin iqtisadiyyatının əsasını təşkil edən əsas amil olaraq qalır. Bununla belə, karbohidrogen qiymətlərinin aşağı düşməsi, hasilat xərclərinin artması və dünya arenasında dəyişən geosiyasi vəziyyətlə bağlı yüksılın qeyri-müəyyənlik səbəbindən sənaye son dövrdə bir çox problemlərlə üzləşmişdir. Müasir dövrdə neft sənayesinin ən aktual suallarından biri karbohidrogen hasilatının öz pikinə (maksimumuna) çatıb-çatmadığıdır. Bu sual tədqiqatçıları iki böyük qrupa ayırmışdır. Birinci qrup Habbertin keçən əsrin ortalarında təklif etdiyi nəzəriyyənin tərəfdarlarıdır. Bu nəzəriyyə ABŞ-də karbohidrogen hasilatının 1970-ci illərdə, dünyada isə 2000-ci illərdə öz pikinə çatacağını və daha sonra hasilatın getdikcə azalacağını qeyd edir. İkinci qrup tədqiqatçılar Habbert nəzəriyyəsi ilə fundamental olaraq razı deyildirlər, onlar karbohidrogen hasilatının pikini yalnız sonradan – postfaktum – müəyyən oluna biləcəyini vur-ğulayırlar. Hər iki qrupdan olan mütəxəssislərin fikir ayrılıqlarını və arqumentlərini bir kənara qoyaraq, innovativ texnologiyaların tətbiqinin vacibliyi və sadalanan yanaşmalardan asılı olaraq bu mexanizmə verilən tərif dəqiqləşdirilməlidir: karbohidrogen hasilatının artırılması üçün effektiv vasitə, yoxsa mənfi inkişaf ssenarilərinin qarşısını alacaq bir vasitə? İnnovativ texnologiyaların neft sənayesinin inkişafında rolunu və zəruriliyini inkar etmək mümkün deyil. Məqalədə neft-qaz sənayesinin inkişaf strategiyasında inno-vativ texnologiyaların rolu və tətbiqi nəzərdən keçirilir, innovasiyaların inkişafı üçün hədəf strategiyalar müəyyən edilir və bu baxımdan ən perspektivli texnologiyalar təsvir olunur.

 

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