In the article structure and physical and chemical properties of some by-products of oil refining have been investigated. Values of an interphase tension of solutions: various alkaline waste products, asidol-naphtenate and naphtenic acid salts acids and their mixes on border with hydrocarbonic liquids have been determined by a method of the greatest pressure and a rotating drop.It is established that irrespective of structure of the hydrocarbon liquids at their addition to water alkaline waste products of acidol-naphthenate soap and naphthenic acids salts synergetic effect is observed. Also the processes of adsorption and desorption at filtration of the solutions of various component compositions through the porous environment models have been investigated. A number of component compositions for their use in various technological processes of the petroleum production have been revealed.