The study examines the sustainable use and conservation of water resources in the Ganja Physical-Geographical Region under increasing water demand and climate-related pressures. The region possesses a diverse hydrographic network consisting of mountain rivers, lakes, reservoirs, groundwater, and springs that support drinking-water supply, agriculture, industry, recreation, and ecosystem functioning. Most rivers originate on the northeastern slope of the Lesser Caucasus and belong to the Kura River basin; with the exception of Aghstafachay, they are generally less than 100 km long. The study shows that river flow is extensively used for irrigation and is regulated by reservoirs and hydraulic structures, while mountain lakes, particularly those within Goygol National Park, constitute important freshwater and ecological resources. At the same time, seasonal water scarcity, inefficient irrigation, pollution, and increasing demand create significant pressures on regional water resources. Sustainable management therefore requires the wider application of water-saving irrigation technologies, improved flow and water-quality monitoring, control of wastewater discharge, protection of groundwater and river corridors, and conservation of water bodies within protected areas. These measures are essential for maintaining the long-term ecological and socioeconomic functions of the region’s water resources.

Keywords: Ganja Physical-Geographical Region, water resources, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, groundwater, sustainable water management

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