The South Caspian basin containing the significant part of the world’s hydrocarbon resources is a region of extensive mud volcanism. All the oil and gas fields within the basin are associated with mud volcanoes evidencing active petroleum systems. Relationship between hydrocarbon accumulations and mud volcanoes remains the most relevant research issue for a long time. The present paper introduces the results of the comprehensive analysis of hydrocarbon systems and the geodynamic processes creating mud volcanoes within the Azerbaijani sector of the South Caspian basin based primarily on the seismic data. The results of the study suggest that the mud volcanoes are the key element of the petroleum systems of the basin. Mud volcanism appears to be synchronized in time and space with the growth of folds, providing an associated development of mud volcanoes and oil and gas fields. The origin and formation of mud volcanoes have been investigated in the context of the evolution of the South Caspian Basin. The results of study might significantly contribute to the better understanding of petroleum systems and mud volcanism within the South Caspian basin and prove genetic link between mud volcanoes and hydrocarbon accumulations.

Keywords: The South Caspian basin, hydrocarbon system, mud volcano, Maikop Group

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