The South Caspian Basin (SCB) is the world's largest area of mud volcanism. In the Oligocene – Lower Miocene and in the Miocene-Quaternary period, thermodynamic conditions for the transformation of organic substances into hydrocarbons were created here. The Maykop clay formations, having the properties of a non-Newtonian fluid and buried under a multilayer geological system, as a result of the gravitational instability of the system (the Rayleigh-Taylor phenomena), have formed intrusions in the overlying environment and eruptive channels of mud volcanoes. These vertical (subvertical) structures played the role of channels that provide the migration of hydrocarbon and mud mixture formed inside the Maykop strata into the upper levels of the multilayer geological environment, in the body of which, as a result of the activity of river systems, reservoirs with high-quality filtration-capacity properties were formed. The processes of formation and development of eruptive channels of mud volcanoes and the migration of hydrocarbon fluids began from the end of the Oligocene (at the beginning of the Miocene) and continue to the present day. The results of the work performed on the basis of seismic data confirm that in the area under consideration, the only connecting link of the source stratum with the reservoirs located on the upper levels of the layered geological environment is the eruptive channels of mud volcanoes.

Keywords: mud volcanism, non-Newtonian fluid, river systems, oil and gas fields, clay diapirs, sedimentation load, reservoir


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