Article explores the characteristics of migration of hydrocarbons (primary, secondary and tertiary) in geological conditions of the South Caspian basin (SCB). In the light of the uneven nature of industrial petroleum saturation, changes in the space of lithofacial characteristics of rocks and the development of overpressures is concluded a variable efficiency of hydrocarbons (HC) expulsion from a source rocks in different parts of the SCB. Taking into account that the layers, generating and accumulating HC, are shifted in a sedimentary section relative to each other, as well as young age of the petroleum pools, their formation in the SCB mainly at the vertical secondary migration along faults, cracks systems and through mud volcanoes channel is based. Manifestations of the process of reformation and destruction of HC accumulations in SCB are: existence of industrial oil in Absheron (Quaternary) sediments and Akchagyl (U.Pliocene) suites on the some fields in Low Kura and Absheron petroleum bearing regions; numerous macro- and microseeps of HCs on the surface.