The development of economy and social sector under the conditions of deficit of water resources balance restricts the evolutional development of all branches of the national economy of the Azerbaijan Republic. The genesis of water resources within the republic has the infiltration origin and is the dynamic system of the upper part of the hydrosphere. With a large deficit of the republic’s water balance (more than 10 km³ per year), the use of water resources in agriculture is carried out by ancient methods, namely, in bulk. At the same time, huge losses of the fresh water deficit occur during the infiltration; in average, the amount of losses is over 50% of the irrigation intake. Based on the fact, that out of 80% of the republic’s water resources, used in the agricultural production losses amount about 50-60%, i.e. 40% of the used resources, urgent implementation of modern highly economical irrigation methods in agricultural production is required along with the elimination of losses during transportation which in turn will save according to preliminary calcula-tions about 6-8 km³/ year of water and will sharply reduce the deficit of the republic water balance. The paper analyzes the structure of resources of the surface and groundwaters, shows the state of knowledge of their resources and operational reserves, their dependence on transit from the neigh-boring territories, climate change, production accounting, etc. The ways and priority measures of the sustainable development and protections of fresh and slightly saline water resources are substantiat-ed in the light of the development of the “National Strategy of the rational use of water resources of the Azerbaijan Republic”.

 

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