В статье представлен анализ результатов изотопно-геохимических исследований пород и нефтей кайнозойско-мезозойского разреза Южно-Каспийского бассейна (ЮКБ) за последние 30 лет. Подтвержден ранее установленный факт накопления тяжелого изотопного состава углерода (ИСУ) органического вещества (ОВ) миоценовых пород (Диатомовая свита), а также его производных нефтей в главном (нижнеплиоценовом) резервуаре ЮКБ. Для проверки глобального характера этого явления был проведен сравнительный анализ изотопно-геохимических данных по осадочным бассейнам 18 стран. Построена обобщенная диаграмма, показывающая пределы изменения ИСУ керогена и нефтей и их средние значения для различных стратиграфических комплексов всех рассмотренных бассейнов. Установлено, что это явление свойственно и другим бассейнам мира, на основании чего сделан вывод о его глобальном характере. Причины, которые привели к изотопному сдвигу в глобальном балансе углерода, произошедшему в миоцене, до конца не выяснены. Рассмотрены существующие представления о его возможной природе. Полученные результаты еще раз подтвердили эффективность использования геохимического параметра δ¹³C для корреляции нефть-порода и нефть-нефть в сочетании с другими геохимическими критериями.

Ключевые слова: изотопный состав углерода, органическое вещество, нефть, осадочные бассейны, миоцен

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