Нефтяная и нефтехимическая промышленность на сегодняшний день является одной из самых бурно развивающихся отраслей и все еще остается ключевым фактором, лежащим в основе экономики каждой индустриальной страны. Однако в последнее время эта отрасль столкнулась со многими проблемами в связи с падением цен на углеводородное сырье, увеличением себестоимости добычи и ростом уровня неопределенности, связанного с изменением геополитической ситуации на мировой арене. Одним из наиболее актуальных вопросов для отрасли в условиях современной реальности является вопрос: достигнут ли пик добычи углеводородов? Данный вопрос разделил исследователей на два больших лагеря. Первая группа является приверженцами теории Хабберта, предложенной в середине 50-х годов прошлого века, о достижении пика добычи углеводородов в США в начале 1970-х годов, а в мировой добыче – в начале 2000 г. и дальнейшем ее спаде. Вторая группа ученых в корне не согласна с теорией Хабберта, а вернее с возможностью точного прогнозирования данного явления. Вкратце позицию специалистов противников теории Хабберта можно выразить утверждением, что дата достижения пика добычи нефти будет известна лишь постфактум и то не сразу. Оставив в стороне разногласия и аргументы специалистов обоих групп, необходимо выделить важность внедрения инновационных технологий, и при этом не столь важно присваиваемое в зависимости от подхода определение данного механизма: эффективный инструмент для роста добычи углеводородов или инструмент для предупреждения негативных сценариев развития. Роль и необходимость внедрения инновационных технологий переоценить сложно. В работе рассмотрены роль и применение инновационных технологий в качестве инструмента развития нефтегазовой промышленности, выявлены целевые стратегии развития инноваций и описаны наиболее перспективные с этой точки зрения технологии.

 

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